Resumen Este artículo tiene el objetivo de realizar una aproximación crítica al pensamiento de Richard Sennett con la mirada puesta en las aportaciones que su obra puede realizar al desarrollo de la Ética Empresarial. De ahí que el estudio busca reconocer las transformaciones que están produciéndose en el nivel organizativo, y que se traducen en la implementación de nuevas formas de producción y trabajo en el seno de las relaciones capitalistas, aspectos sumamente relevantes para ser capaces de orientar dichas relaciones (...) en un sentido de justicia, prudencia y responsabilidad tal y como se plantea por la Ética Empresarial de corte discursivo.The objective of this article is to conduct a critical study of Richard Sennett’s thinking by focusing on the contributions his work can make to develop Business Ethics. This study aims to recognize the transformations that take place in organizational terms, and are then implemented into new forms of production and work at the heart of capitalist relations, which are extremely important aspects for guiding these relations in justice, prudence and responsibility terms, as it is proposed by discourse business ethics. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e discutir a sugestão de Fred Dretske para analisar o problema dos qualia. Tal problema, caro à Filosofia da Mente, ficou conhecido pela discussão desenvolvida por Thomas Nagel em seu clássico artigo What is it like to be a bat. Nesse artigo, Nagel postulou a impossibilidade de se conhecer, em perspectiva de terceira-pessoa, os aspectos da experiência humana. Ele considera que, mesmo após as descrições objetivas da experiência de um sujeito, escapariam ainda aspectos qualitativos, (...) fundamentais para se caracterizar os qualia. A partir de sua Tese Representacionista da mente, Dretske argumenta que seria possível dissolver esse problema se admitirmos que a mente é a face representacional do cérebro, a natureza dos qualia seria, assim, representacional. Nesse contexto, os fatos mentais relacionados às experiências seriam fatos representacionais: se conhecermos a natureza desses fatos representacionais conheceremos também a experiência do sistema que a representa. Diante de tal entendimento, discutimos em que medida a proposta dretskeana constitui uma alternativa ao problema dos qualia. (shrink)

Abordamos aquí unos aspectos, posiblemente los menos conocidos, de la dilatada vida de Fray Diego de Deza, como son los orígenes de su linaje en la gallega Terra de Deza y el afincamiento durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIV de la que fue la rama familiar de Toro, su ciudad natal. No perteneciendo a la hidalguía de mayor abolengo y riqueza de los linajes allí establecidos, sus méritos personales le labraron un futuro prometedor, primero por la cátedra docente que (...) ocupó en Salamanca y sus altas dotes como maestro y, además, por la confianza que los Reyes Católicos depositaron en él al nombrarlo preceptor del malogrado príncipe heredero don Juan, lo que le hizo emprender una envidiable carrera tanto eclesiástica como por sus servicios a la Corona. Nuestro objetivo aquí no ha sido otro que vislumbrar sus relaciones parentales y sociales, obviando su brillante cursus honorum en ese doble rol de servicio al altar y al trono. (shrink)

RATIONALE AND AIMS: Total hip and knee replacements, usually, have long waiting lists. There are several prioritization tools for these kind of patients. A new tool should undergo a standardized validation process. The aim of the present study was to validate a new prioritization tool for primary hip and knee replacements. METHODS: We carried out a prospective study. Consecutive patients placed on the waiting list were eligible for the study. Patients included were mailed a questionnaire which included, among other questions, (...) the seven items of the priority tool and the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) specific questionnaire. The priority tool gives a score from 0 to 100 points, and three categories (urgent, preferent and ordinary). We studied the content and construct validity. We used Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance. Correlational analysis was used to evaluate convergent and discriminate validity. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 838 patients (62.3% were female), with mean age of 70.2 years (SD 8.4). A total of 55.5% patients underwent knee replacement. Given that the tool was elaborated by patients and orthopaedic surgeons, it shows a good content validity. The priority score was statistically different (P < 0.001) among the three urgency categories created. The scores of the three WOMAC dimensions showed differences (P < 0.001) by the three urgency categories created. The correlations between the priority score and WOMAC dimensions were 0.79 (function), 0.69 (pain) and 0.51 (stiffness). The correlations between WOMAC items and items from priority tool were greater (0.47-0.69) between items measuring similar constructs than those measuring different constructs (0.27-0.49). These data are similar in both joints. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the validity of the prioritization tool to be used with patients waiting for hip or knee replacement. (shrink)

La filosofía de los pensadores "presocráticos" ha sido abordada frecuentemente desde una perspectiva ontológica o cosmológica. El presente trabajo propone situar las consideraciones ontológicas o cosmológicas de estos pensadores en un marco más amplio, determinado por lo que el autor llama la "lógica de las retribuciones". Esta perspectiva más abarcadora tiene la ventaja de poder integrar en la exposición de las primeras filosofías de Grecia algunos textos frecuentemente desatendidos, por considerarlos puros elementos mitológicos o literarios. Desde este punto de vista (...) se abren nuevas vías para entender las relaciones entre filosofía y religión, al tiempo que se muestran las intenciones prácticas de la filosofía en sus mismos orígenes. (shrink)

El escenario energético de escasez a nivel mundial se empieza a reflejar fuertemente en América Latina. Chile tiene una política energética diseñada en el período dictatorial, y administrada en la democracia, que hace muy vulnerable su economía, su medio ambiente y su seguridad. En este artículo se analizan críticamente los diversos aspectos que inciden fuertemente en el actual escenario energético chileno, sobre todo en lo que respecta a la política de integración con sus vecinos latinoamericanos, desde donde se puede vislumbrar (...) también una solución sustentable a los problemas energéticos futuros. (shrink)

La indagación del segundo Heidegger acerca del ser encuentra su maduración en la doctrina del Ereignis, un nuevo concepto «post-metafísico», según Vattimo, con el que el filósofo alemán trata de responder a la pregunta de qué es el ser una vez ha mostrado, en su primera etapa intelectual, la esencial diferenciación ontológica. El ser no es un ente, ni aquello fijo e inmutable que fundamenta lo ente. Ni de él puede decirse que es; el ser «se da». Y se da (...) al hombre en un acto de donación recíproca en la totalidad del acontecer histórico. Vattimo parte de esta idea para concluir que el ser es evento que orbita en la constelación del Ge-Stell, el destino de la época actual en cuanto forma de desocultar el ser, de desvelar la verdad, y convierte a Heidegger en precursor de la postmodernidad y de su pensiero debole. (shrink)

One of the main challenges in medicine is to guarantee an appropriate drug supply according to the real needs of patients. Closed-loop strategies have been widely used to develop automatic solutions based on feedback variables. However, when the variable of interest cannot be directly measured or there is a lack of knowledge behind the process, it turns into a difficult issue to solve. In this research, a novel algorithm to approach this problem is presented. The main objective of this study (...) is to provide a new general algorithm capable of determining the influence of a certain clinical variable in the decision making process for drug supply and then defining an automatic system able to guide the process considering this information. Thus, this new technique will provide a way to validate a given physiological signal as a feedback variable for drug titration. In addition, the result of the algorithm in terms of fuzzy rules and membership functions will define a fuzzy-based decision system for the drug delivery process. The method proposed is based on a Fuzzy Inference System whose structure is obtained through a decision tree algorithm. A four-step methodology is then developed: data collection, preprocessing, Fuzzy Inference System generation, and the validation of results. To test this methodology, the analgesia control scenario was analysed. Specifically, the viability of the Analgesia Nociception Index as a guiding variable for the analgesic process during surgical interventions was studied. Real data was obtained from fifteen patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery. (shrink)

En este artículo se propone una línea de continuidad entre el pensamiento de Zubiri y el de Ellacuría en lo que se refiere a la ¿realidad histórica¿, partiendo de la crítica que hace el primero a una concepción aristotelizante de la historia, que caracterizaría al pensamiento moderno, entendida como actualización de posibilidades. A este respecto, se analiza la fecundidad de la perspectiva de Ellacuría respecto del significado de la globalización y su tesis de la civilización de la pobreza contrastándola con (...) el análisis de Karl Otto Apel. (shrink)

In the current digital era, the borders amongst firms are getting blurred when it comes to value creation. Therefore, the traditional configuration of the value chain is frequently replaced by other ones which include the collaborative participation of different agents. Within this context, global value chains, where the value activities are located in different countries, and industrial clusters, which combine competition and cooperation, are attracting a growing attention of both business leaders and scholars in the recent years. Through a bibliometric (...) analysis, this paper disentangles the intellectual and conceptual structure of the research topic of industrial clusters and global value chains. Results show the multidisciplinary character of the topic, including papers published in different areas, such as business, regional studies and world development, as well as its close link with aspects like innovation, regional development, governance or organization. Finally, this study remarks the research lines that could attract more attention in the immediate future. (shrink)

Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikām é uma das obras mais importantes do místico e pensador andaluz Muḥyi al-dīn Ibn 'Arabī (1165-1240). Esse texto, um dos melhores exemplos do pensamento medieval, é um autêntico repositório simbólico do conhecimento da tradição abraâmica. Ao mesmo tempo, o mestre murciano atribui essa obra a uma experiência visionária na forma de conhecimento descendente do qual ele se sentia um mero transcritor. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar simbolicamente os desafios de um livro visionário e, por outro lado, os (...) recursos que ele utiliza: os profetas como arquétipos para justificar a antropologia transcendental do ser humano perfeito (insān al-kāmil) e a metodologia da "cadeia ligada" para legitimar um conhecimento além da razão. (shrink)

Designated bishop of Silves, diocese of Faro, Algarve, in 1334, D. Alvaro Pelayo entered in conflict with Alfonso IV (1325-57), the King of Portugal, sending him two letters in that one can notice that there he also had to defend the jurisdictional autonomy of the spiritual power, in order to the centralizing politics that the king, following his father’s steps, D. Dinis (1279-1325), gave continuity, with the purpose of restricting the political space of the high Lusitanian clergy. Past some few (...) years, (1347) for the same reason, the conflict of the relationships of power among the two authorities increased. Our purpose here is double: to analyze the historical facts related with the two mentioned conflicts, well as the aspects doctrinal contents in the two referred letters, with view to show the thought coherence and attitude of D. Alvaro Pelayo. (shrink)

En el sexagésimo aniversario de la liberación del campo de exterminio de Auschwitz, el tema de la dialéctica de la Ilustración (que se situó en el núcleo del pensamiento crítico de posguerra), sigue siendo una cuestión abierta y candente. ¿Qué proceso de transformación atraviesa la visión del mundo occidental para que los valores de la Ilustración resulten de improviso completamente inoperantes para detener la expansión de la barbarie más antihumana? Este interrogante aún desafía la construcción de una cultura universalista a (...) partir de la tradición de la modernidad, moviéndonos a un replanteamiento crítico de su trayectoria. La lúcida obra de.. (shrink)

It is common to assume of an “objectivist” stage of Zubiri, prior to his meeting with Heidegger in Freiburg. However, if we analyze Zubiri’s philosophy before his stay in Freiburg, we already find a “metaphysical” orientation, and not merely an objectivist one. This orientation is intrinsically related to the early appearance of the notion of “reality” in his courses. The appearance of his concept of reality is at least partially motivated by Zubiri’s early reading of Heidegger’s habilitation thesis on Duns (...) Scotus. Zubiri discovered in Heidegger the possibility of trying to carry out a phenomenological characterization of reality, which took him beyond the conception, basically idealistic, of being as a “position” or as a “belief.” With Heidegger, Zubiri was able to sustain that reality is not something extra animam. However, Zubiri could not follow Heidegger in his conceptualization of reality based on human existence, and with this he began his own path in philosophy. A path that, in a certain sense, breaks with all phenomenology, because reality is located at a moment prior to the meaning of things for a subject or for a human existent. And yet, a path that continues the phenomenological claim of a descriptive fidelity to the things themselves. (shrink)

Después de 40 años tras la revolución kuhniana en filosofía de la ciencia es clara la necesidad de un estudio interdisciplinar de la ciencia. Pero no se ve que sea posible el que la filosofía tenga algo que decir en tal marco interdisciplinar de análisis empírico. La tendencia general a la naturalización parece dejar fuera de juego a una disciplina, la filosofía, cuyo tradicional estilo normativo es muy difícil de asimilar. Con todo, la polémica continúa. En estas páginas se recoge, (...) entre algunos otros problemas, el enfrentamiento contemporáneo entre el racionalismo filosófico y el relativismo en la comprensión de la naturaleza de la ciencia. (shrink)